Invited Review Articles
The Present Status of Endourologic Surgery
SHINICHI OHSHIMA and YOSHINARI ONO
pg(s) 1- 10
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DNA Topoisomerase: The Key Enzyme that Regulates DNA Super Structure
SATOSHI KATO and AKIHIKO KIKUCHI
pg(s) 11- 26
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DNA is a macromolecule carrying all genetic information and it must be packed in the cell nucleus. DNA is a double helix where one strand coils around the other. The helix is unwound and rewound every now and then to take out its information, which requires local alteration of the helical structure, resulting in the super-coiling of DNA. For replication, all the coils must be unwound at least once, and two daughter molecules are often catenated to each other. To solve these problems caused by the helical structure of DNA, topoisomerase activity introducing the transient breaking and rejoining of DNA strand is essential to perform each DNA transaction. In this article, we first review the mechanistic aspect of topoisomerase activity, and then discuss its basic clinical importance.
Recent Progress in the Analysis of Gangliosides Biosynthesis
KOICHI FURUKAWA
pg(s) 27- 35
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Recently, a number of glycosyltransferase genes have been isolated. The majority of glycosyltransferase genes responsible for the synthesis of acidic glycosphingolipids (gangliosides) have been cloned in Japan. Therefore, the total make-up of the regulatory mechanisms of ganglioside synthesis can now be addressed, even though there are still issues remaining as to the detailed specificities of many enzymes. The availability of these glycosyltransferase genes enables us to directly analyze the biological functions of gangliosides by remodelling carbohydrates profiles in cultured cells and experimental animals.
Original Papers
A Diffusible Resistance Factor(s) in Spontaneous Mitomycin Resistant Mammalian Cancer Cells
ZHON GLI WAN, HIDETOSHI KOBAYASHI, AKEMI HAYAKAWA and TAKEO ISHIGAKI
pg(s) 37- 45
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We developed a Mitomycin C (MMC)-resistant mouse breast cancer cell subline, R-FM3A, from FM3A parent cells(W-FM3A) by continuous exposure to a concentration of 0.01 microgram/ml MMC for over two months. R-FM3A cells were resistant to MMC and decreased in response to the combined effects of ionizing irradiation and MMC. The resistance to MMC and ionizing irradiation was mediated by a cell-free medium, in which R-FM3A cells were cultured for 12 hours without MMC (Re-medium). The cell cycles measured by means of a flow cytometer were not influenced by the Re-medium when W-FM3A cells were treated by MMC. But the cell cycles measured by means of a flow cytometer were influenced by the Re-medium when W-FM3A cells were irradiated at a dose of 4 Gy.
Effect of Oral Clonidine Premedication on Hemodynamic Response during Sedated Nasal Fiberoptic Intubation
SHUICHI YOKOTA, TORU KOMATSU, KAYO YANO, KAZUMI TAKI and YASUHIRO SHIMADA
pg(s) 47- 52
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Although oral clonidine premedication is known to reduce the hemodynamic response under general anesthesia, effects of the hemodynamic response during sedated fiberoptic nasal intubation have not yet been examined. Our aim was to compare the effects of clonidine premedication on hemodynamic responses with those of atropine and hydroxyzine premedication during sedated fiberoptic nasal intubation. Thirty adult patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group 1 patients (n = 15) were premedicated with atropine sulfate (0.01 mg/kg) and hydroxyzine hydrochloride (1mg/kg) intramuscularly, and group 2 patients (n = 15) were premedicated with clonidine (5 micrograms/kg) orally. We compared the hemodynamic response and sedation level in fiberoptic nasal intubation between the two groups. there were no significant differences in sedation levels and postoperative complaints between the two groups. But the oral clonidine premedication (Group 2) blunted hemodynamic changes during the fiberoptic intubation. No profound hypotension or marked bradycardia was noted in group 2. We concluded that the oral clonidine premedication might contribute to hemodynamic stability during sedated fiberoptic nasal intubation.
Total Hip Arthroplasty for Failed Rotational Acetabular Osteotomy: A Report of Three Cases
SHOICHI SHINODA, YUKIHARU HASEGAWA, KIYOHARU KAWABE, SEIKI IWASADA, SHINJI KITAMURA, KENICHI YAMAUCHI, MARIE TAKEMURA and HISASHI IWATA
pg(s) 53- 58
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Three female patients with osteoarthrotic hips received total hip replacement arthroplasties after failed rotational acetabular osteotomies (RAO) were reported. In the first case, there was necrosis of the thin acetabular fragment and a collapse of the large grafted iliac bone because of technical problems. The second case had residual development dislocation of the hip preoperatively which resulted in pseudoarthrosis and instability of the pubic bone postoperatively. This patient was considered to be a bad candidate for rotational acetabular osteotomy. The last case was 65 years old, too old to treat by osteotomy. Deterioration of the articular cartilage was expected. All of them were successfully treated with total hip arthroplasties. The ages of the patients, the stage of osteoarthrosis, the thickness of the osteotomized acetabular fragment, and the size of the grafted bone seemed to be factors influencing the outcome of the RAO.
Abstracts
Annual Research Meeting for Graduate Students: Nagoya, July 1997
pg(s)59-77
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