Invited Review Articles
Molecular Aspects of the Plasma Membrane in Tumor Cells
KIYOHIDE KOJIMA
pg(s) 1- 18
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Clinical Features of Embryological Failures
TAKAYUKI MIURA
pg(s) 19- 26
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Prevention, Clinical, and Pathophysiological Research on Vibration Syndrome
SHIN'YA YAMADA, HISATAKA SAKAKIBARA, NORIAKI HARADA and TADAO MATSUMOTO
pg(s) 27- 41
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In the 1950s, introduction of portable power tools into the production process of many industries began on a large scale around the world and resulted in many cases of occupational vibration syndrome after the 1960s. There was an urgent need to undertake preventive steps, medical assessment and therapy throughout the world. At the end of 1964, our investigation began in Japanese national forests, and then in mining and stone quarries. Our research and efforts resulted in a comprehensive system for prevention of vibration syndrome in the Japanese national forest industry. It has presented a good model of prevention for other industries in Japan. Clinical and pathophysiological research on vibration syndrome in the 1960s and 1970s clarified disturbances of the peripheral circulatory, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems. From the mid-1970s, neurophysiological, neurochemical, and clinical research on vibration syndrome in relation to the autonomic nervous system developed. Our studies contributed to the advancement of research in this field. More in-depth study is needed to determine the role of the autonomic nervous system in vibration syndrome.
Segi's Cap: Group Formation of Gut Endocrine Cells at the Tip of the Villi in Human Embryonal Intestine
SHIGERU KOBAYASHI and SATOSHI IINO
pg(s) 43- 52
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Large groups of basal-granulated (entero-endocrine) cells occur on the top of villi in the duodenum and upper jejunum of the human fetus older than five months of gestation. This structure was discovered and described by Segi(1935), hence named Segi's cap. By the immunocytochemical technique, somatostatin-, gastrin- and motilin-producing cells were demonstrated. By electron microscopy, EC, D and S cells were identified in the cap. There were autonomic nerves in the lamina propria adjacent to Segi's cap. No intraepithelial lymphocytes were found in the villi with Segi's cap.
Digital Radiology and PACS
TAKEO ISHIGAKI, MITSURU IKEDA, KAZUHIRO SHIMAMOTO, HIDEKI HIROTA and NAOKI MAKINO
pg(s) 53- 67
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Future hospital information systems should permit the systematic storage of all information generalized within the hospital, including medical diagnostic images. For such a system to be realized, implementation of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is needed. The development of computed radiography with an imaging plate (CR) has made it possible for digitalization of all kinds of projection radiographs, and thus for PACS to be realized. In this paper the clinical usefulness of CR and many factors required to realize PACS are described.
Original Papers
Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Analysis for Placement of Maxillofacial Implants after Maxillectomy
MINORU UEDA, YOSHIRO SAWAKI and TOSHIO KANEDA
pg(s) 69- 79
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Three-dimensional computed tomography scanning was used to examine six patients who had undergone maxillectomy and who were being considered for endosseous dental implants in the residual maxillary bone. This technique allowed three-dimensional visualization of the precise structures of the deformed maxilla, which facilitated the operation procedure by indicating optimal sites for fixture installation.
Transepithelial Movement of 3H-Androgen in Rat Seminiferous and Caput Epididymal Tubules: Saturability and Effect of Competition with Estradiol
MASANORI YAMAMOTO, YOSHIKAZU TSUJI and KOJI MIYAKE
pg(s) 81- 87
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Proluminal movement of 3H-testosterone from peritubular space to intratubular fluids of the adult rat testis and epididymis was studied by using in vivo microperfusion and subsequent micropuncture of seminiferous tubules and caput epididymal tubules. Tubules were perifused with Minimum Essential Medium containing 3H-testosterone. To determine if androgen transport is saturable, 40, 80, 160, and 320 microCi 3H-testosterone were included in the perfusion fluid. Radioactivity of 3H-androgens in the intraluminal fluids was determined at 1 hour after perfusion. Transepithelial 3H-androgen movement in the testis was linear (r = 0.735, p < 0.001, y = 0.17 x +5.6). The movement of 3H-androgen across the epididymal epithelium was saturable (Vmax of 326.5 nM/hr and Km of 77 nM). To determine the effect of estradiol on proluminal androgen movement, estradiol at 10X the cocentration of 3H-testosterone was incorporated in the perifusion fluid. Proluminal 3H-androgen movement into the seminiferous and epididymal tubules was not affected by addition of estradiol to the perifusion fluid. These findings support our previous observations that proluminal transepithelial movement of 3H-androgens could be mediated by its binding to a specific intraluminal androgen binding protein.
A Clinico-Neuropathological Study on Brain Death
NOBUKO UJIHIRA, YOSHIO HASHIZUME and AKIRA TAKAHASHI
pg(s) 89- 99
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A clinico-neuropathological study was conducted on 60 cases of brain death, 36 males and 24 females, ranging in age from 11 to 81 years, the average being 49.4 years. Of these, 29 patients died of cerebrovascular disease. The average duration of brain death was 99 hours. The mean weight of the brain was 1466 g. Neuropathological findings were brain edema, congestion, herniation and various subarachnoid hemorrhages. Histologically, the cytoplasm of neurons was pale and ghost-like. In the white matter, myelin staining was pale, and nuclei of the glial cells were shrunken and piknotic. Autolysis of the cerebellar granular layer and the pituitary gland was evident in all cases. No reactive astrocytosis or infiltration of the cells in or around necrotic tissue could be seen. In eight cases, there was laminar infiltration of neutrophils in the superficial area of the cerebrum and brain stem, possibly due to temporary or partial recirculation. Correlation between the degree of autolysis and duration of brain death was observed, but no relationship between the degree of autolysis and the difference of underlying disease could be found. Autolysis in the cerebral cortex, thalamus, tegmentum of the brain stem, cerebellar granular layer and pituitary gland was most prominent. However, neuropathological diagnosis of underlying diseases could be made even in brain death. Histologically, the cases of brain death differed from those of cardiac arrest-induced encephalopathy and from those of long postmortem autopsy.
An International Analysis of Smoking Control Levels in Relation to Health, Social and Economic Indicators
KATSUMI YAMANAKA, MASARU MIYAO, TAKA-AKI KONDO, HISATAKA SAKAKIBARA, MASASHI FURUTA, KUNIKO TAKIHI and SHIN'YA YAMADA
pg(s)101-110
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The relationship was examined between government smoking control levels and eight health, social and economic indicators in 93 countries. Governmental smoking control levels were quantified by assigning a point to each control measure. The controls were as follows: health warning on cigarette package; tar, nicotine or carbon monoxide level indications on cigarette package; ban on advertising on TV or radio; and prohibiting sales to minors. The eight indicators were annual rate of population increase, infant mortality rate, population per hospital bed, number of TV sets per 1000 people, protein supply per capita per day, military expenditure as % of GNP, gross national product (GNP) and % of primary school enrollment. We analyzed predictors of the smoking control level using multiple linear regression analysis with these eight indicators. This regression model indicates that the higher the GNP is, the stronger the smoking control level is, and GNP alone accounts for 42% of the variance in smoking control levels. The set of eight indicators explained 49% of it. GNP had the largest partial regression coefficient in the standardized model. Therefore, a low GNP might be an important factor behind the difficulty in strengthening government controls on smoking.
Evidence for Active Transport of 3H-Androgens across the Epididymal Epithelium in the Rat
MASANORI YAMAMOTO, YOSHIKAZU TSUJI and KOJI MIYAKE
pg(s)111-121
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The effect of metabolic inhibitors on transepithelial movement of 3H-androgens was investigated by in vivo perifusion and subsequent micropuncture of caput and cauda epididymal tubules. Epididymal tissue (adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations were determined at 1 h after exposure of perifusion fluid with metabolic inhibitor. To determine whether or not metabolic inhibitor alters intraluminal androgen-binding protein concentration or androgen binding to interstitial proteins in the caput epididymis, 3H-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding to interaluminal androgen-binding protein and bound vs free androgen ratio in the interstitial fluid after 1 h perifusion with fluid containing metabolic inhibitor around caput epididymal tubules were examined. Proluminal movement of 3H-androgens and tissue ATP concentrations in the caput and cauda epididymis were significantly decreased by addition of dinitrophenol (DNP) or potassium cyanide to the perifusion fluid. Relative intraluminal androgen-binding protein protein concentration and bound vs free 3H-androgen ratio in the interstitial fluid were not altered when DNP or potassium cyanide was added to the perifusion fluid. These results demonstrate for the first time that an energy-dependent mechanism may be involved in the epididymal androgen uptake.
Continuous Percutaneous Cyst Drainage for Multicystic Kidney
KENITIRO KANEKO, HISAMI ANDO and TAKAHIRO ITO
pg(s)123-127
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We report a patient with a multicystic kidney treated successfully by continuous percutaneous drainage. This method may be an alternative to surgical resection of a multicystic kidney that has not involved after one year of follow-up.
Abstracts
Annual Research Meeting for Graduate Students: Nagoya, December 1992
pg(s)129-163
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