Grade 3 Bladder Cancer with Lamina
Propria Invasion (pTl): Characteristics of
Tumor and Clinical Course
MUNEHISA TAKASHI, TAKAO SAKATA, TATSURO MURASE, NOBUYUKI HAMAJIMA and KOJI MIYAKE
pg(s) 1 - 8
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To determine the clinical characteristics of grade 3 tumors with lamina propria invasion (pT1), we reviewed
the data of 217 patients with superficial bladder cancer who had initially been treated by transurethral
resection (193 patients) and fulguration (4), supravesical resection (13) or partial cystectomy (7). We
classified the patients into four groups according to histological grade and stage of disease: group 1) grade 0
or 1, pTa tumors (n=58); group 2) grade 2, pTa tumors (n=106); group 3) grade 2, pTl tumors (n=30);
and group 4a) grade 3, pTI tumors (n=23). Grade 3, pTI tumors were significantly related to nonpapillary
growth (p=0.0002), multiple tumors (p=0.005) and irritative bladder symptoms (p=0.01). The 5-year progression
rates were 0% for group 1, 5% for group 2, 8% for group 3, and 18% for group 4a. The respective
5-year survival rates were 97%, 91%, 83% and 79%. All five patients with grade 3, pTI tumors who had
originally undergone total cystectomy (group 4b) remained alive free of disease for a median follow-up 57
months, establishing a far better survival rate than that for group 4a. These findings show that patients with
grade 3, pT1 tumors face a high probability of progression and poor chance of survival. Immediate radical
treatment is indicated when tumors recur after initial transurethral resection.
Establishment and Characterization of
Immortalized Non-Transplantable
Mouse Mammary Cell Lines Cloned
from a MMTV-induced Tumor Cell Line
Cultured for A Long Duration
TOKUYA TAKENAKA, SHINSUKE SAGA, OSAMU MIYAISHI, MASAO IMAI, TOYOHARU
YOKOI, JIN LU, WORAWIDH WAJJWALKU, MORIAKI KUSAKABE, OSAMU TAGUCHI,
MUTSUSHI MATSUYAMA and the late MUNEMITSU HOSHINO
pg(s) 9 - 21
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During the culturing of a mouse mammary tumor cell line, MuMT73, maintained in vitro for more than a
decade, we found morphological heterogeneity in its cells; some showed contact inhibition in their growth,
some formed domes and some grew criss cross and piled up. In trying to clone the cell line to isolate cells
showing contact inhibition or dome formation, we were able to establish six clonal cell lines. These six cell
lines were categorically divided into three groups according to their phenotypical behavior, Groups A, B and
C. Group A (clones 1, 5 and 7) cells had a property of contact inhibition. They induced no tumor when injected
into the subcutaneous tissue of the back, nor even when injected into the mammary fat pads or under
the kidney capsule of syngenic or nude mice, and therefore were thought to be non-malignant in nature.
They were positively stained by anti-keratin antiserum and had mouse mammary tumor viruses (MMTVs).
Group B (clone 6) cells grew in a crisscross pattern and piled up, and they induced tumors when injected
into the subcutaneous tissue of the back of mice. Group C (clones 3 and 4) cells formed domes in their
growth and induced some tumors in the mammary fat pads and under the kidney capsule of KSN nude mice.
In Southern blots with MMTV-env probe, numerous exogenous MMTV proviruses were detected in these
cell lines. The insertion patterns of these proviruses in cells of non-malignant clonal lines (Group A) resembled
those of malignant lines (Group B), except one band (about 26 Kb), but were considerably different
from those of intermediate lines (Group C). On the other hand, no difference was detected in Southern blots
with int-1 or int-2 probes among the non-malignant, intermediate and malignant clonal cell lines.
Epidemic Patterns of Hepatitis Type B Virus
(HBV) and Human T Lymphotropic Virus
Type I (HTLV-I) in Two ATL-Endemic Islands
in Kyushu, Japan
KAZUNORI TACHIBANA, SHIN-ICHIRO ITO, SATOSHI SHIRAHAMA, MASAZUMI NAGATOMO, KEN-ICHIRO KINOSHITA and KAZUO TAJIMA.
pg(s) 23 - 32
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To evaluate the relationships between human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and hepatitis virus
type B (HBV) infections, we compared both individual and geographical distributions of carriers of HTLV-I
and HBV, and antibody positives to HBV in two ATL-endemic islands in Kyushu, Japan. The positive rates
of antibodies to HTLV-I (anti-HTLV-I-Ab) in sera among healthy inhabitants older than 30 years of age
were 27.5% (617/2,232) in Nakadohri, Goto Island and 24.0% (500/2,048) in Shimo-agata, Tsushima Island.
The postive rates for surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBs-Ag) in sera among the same subjects
were 6.4% and 2.5%, respectively. In Nakadohri, the age-adjusted positive rates of HBs-Ag and antibody to
HBs-Ag (anti-HBs-Ab) in anti-HTLV-I-Ab positives (so-called HTLV-I carriers) differed little from those
in negatives. In Shimo-agata, the geographical distribution of HBs-Ag positives (so-called HBV carriers)
showed no positive association with that of HTLV-I carriers. These results did not support the postive correlations
between HTLV-I and HBV infections among the general population in ATL-endemic areas in Japan.
Different Mechanisms are Involved in
3H-Androgen Uptake by the Rat
Seminiferous and Epididymal
Tubules in vivo
MASANORI YAMAMOTO, TATSUYA NAGAI and KOJI MIYAKE.
pg(s) 33 - 41
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Proluminal movement of 3H-androgen from peritubular to intratubular fluids of the adult rat testis and
epididymis was investigated by using in vivo microperifusion and subsequent micropuncture of seminiferous
tubules and caput, corpus, and cauda epididymal tubules. Tubules were perifused with Minimum Essential
Medium containing 3H-testosterone. 14C-polyethyleneglycol was included in the perifusion fluid as a marker
for contamination of intraluminal fluid by peritubular fluid. Radioactivity of isotopes in interstitial and intraluminal
fluids was determined at 1 and 2 hours after perifusion and the percentage of peritubular isotopes
appearing in the intraluminal fluid was determined. Proluminal movement of 3H-androgen across the seminiferous
epithelium was significantly restricted. In contrast, intraluminal 3H-androgen concentrations in the
caput epididymal fluid were 200-300% of those in the peritubular fluid at both 1 and 2 hours after perifusion.
Similar results were found in the corpus epididymis. 3H-androgen concentrations in the cauda epididymal
fluid were approximately 125% of the peritubular isotope concentrations. The exact mechanism underlying
this uphill transepithelial movement of 3H-androgen in the rat epididymis continues to be elucidated.