Pathologial Study of Bladder
Cancer by Mappling of Urothelium
TATSURO MURASE
pg(s) 1 - 15
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Using sixty-four cases of bladder cancer, the distribution of carcinomatous lesions, carcinoma in situ,
and atypism were observed by step section of the entire urothelium. Carcinoma of the bladder was divided
into four tumor types in accordance with the mapping of the disease foci, the patterns of tumor growth,
and the DNA distribution pattern in the tumor cells. Type 1 was localized consisting mainly of papillary
non-invastive tumors. Atypia was mild around the tumor, and neither atypia nor carcinoma in situ was
seen in sites distant from the tumors. Type 2 was multifocal, non-invasive, and consisted mainly of
papillary tumors. Type 3 was multifocal, invasive and multiple carcinomata in situ were present at sites
distant from the tumors. Type 4 was localized and invasive with no findings suggestive of precancerous
lesions in the bladder mucosa. Type 4 tumors grew very rapidly and were highly malignant.
According to the retrospective analysis of the clinical course of each type, a plan for reasonable
treatment of the bladder cancer was proposed as follows. Type 1; This type of tumor may be controlled
sufficiently by transurethral resection. In cases of T2 (B1 or more, dissection of the lymph node is
necessary. Type 2; This type may basically be controlled by transurethral resection, but careful follow-up
is required because of high incidence of recurrence. When T2 (B1 or more are diagnosed, total cystectomy
is indicated. Type 3; Total cystectomy including the urethra and dissections of the lymph node are
necessary. Type 4; Partial. sometimes total, cystectomy and dissection of the regional lymph node at an
early stage are necessary.
Closed Intramedullary Nailing for
Femoral and Tibial Shaft Fractures
YORIKAZU HATTORI
pg(s) 17 - 28
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Closed intramedullary nailing is becoming a safer and more popular operative method. To this end, an
original extension-apparatus has been developed, and the shape of the intramedullary nail and operative
techniques have also been improved. Eighty-six femur fractures and 106 tibia fractures of adults have been
examined and excellent clinical results have been reported.
Production of Collagenase
Inhibitor by Mouse Calvaria
in Tissue Culture
MASARU NAGAYAMA
and SEIZABURO SAKAMOTO
pg(s) 29 - 36
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A collagenase inhibitor was identified in the culture medium of mouse calvaria after separation from
mouse bone collagenase by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration equilibrated with 6M urea in Tris buffer. The
simultaneous synthesis of both collagenase and inhibitor by mouse calvaria in tissue culture was
consistent with the resuls of our previous study using achick bone culture system and otehr recent studies.
Threshold for Penicillin Induced
Seizure in Hippocampal Slice
FUJIO TOSAKI, HIROMI YUASA and
NAOKI KAGEYAMA
pg(s) 37 - 42
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To investigate whether different types of neurons have a different threshold for seizure activity, the
thresholds of two types of neurons in the hippocampal formation of a guinea pig, i.e., the CA3 cells in the
hippocampus proper, and the granule cells in the dentate gyrus, were compared for penicillin-induced
seizure activity using slice preparation. A change in the evoked population spikes recorded from the cell
body layers in the slice was observed following perfusion of penicillin-containing medium. All of the CA3
cell body layers showed seizure activity at a penicillin concentration of 200 I.U./ml. The granule cell body
layers did not show seizure acitvity even at the higher concentration of 500 I.U./ml.
Sterilization of Operating
Microscope and Flexible Fiber-Optic
Illuminator by Formaldehyde Gas
ASAKATSU SUZUKl and YOSHIMICHI NAMBA
pg(s) 43 - 48
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We have been sterilizing the operating microscope and flexible fiber-optic illuminator on a mobile stand
by formaldehyde gas at ambient temperature for the past four years. The instruments were wrapped in two
polyvinyl bags and 60 g of formaldehyde-adsorbed plaster were placed in the bottom of the bags. The
efficiency of this sterilizing procedure has been periodically tested by examination with spores of Bacillus
subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus. Of the 245 tests 17 (6.9%) showed positive growth of bacterial
spores, the exposure time of the positive growth ranging from 10 hrs and 30 min to 68 hrs and 15 min. The
positive growth rate was markedly higher in the operating microscope than in the flexible fiber-optic
illuminator. However, after January of 1980 the exchange interval of the formaldehyde-adsorbed plaster
was shortened from 4 to 2 weeks, and as a result, all tests longer than a 25-hr exposure time showed
negative growth. Therefore, we concluded that a 24-hr exposure time is satisfactory to obtain sterility of
the instruments with this method.
Isolation and Characterization of
Mouse Bone Collagenase Inhibitor
MASARU NAGAYAMA
and SEIZABURO SAKAMOTO
pg(s) 49 - 54
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A specific collagenase inhibitor was isolated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration in 6M urea from the
culture medium of mouse bone, which simultaneously produced collagenase. The mouse bone collagenase
inhibitor apparently blocked collagenases prepared from mouse bone, chick bone, and rabbit cornea. As
the result of gel electrophoresis, the molecular weight of the inhibitor was estimated to be approx. 40,000
daltons. This inhibitor appeared to be similar to collagenase inhibitors isolated from other tissues of
various species.
Sterilization of Operating Instruments
by Formaldehyde Cabinet
at Ambient Temperature
ASAKATSU SUZUKI and YOSHIMICHI NAMBA
pg(s) 55 - 59
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Formaldehyde cabinets at ambient temperature have been used to sterilize heat-sensitive operating
instruments in our operating rooms. The instruments were placed in formaldehyde cabinets with a
capacity of 0.4 m3 either wrapped in linen cloth or not wrapped. To generate the formaldehyde gas, 240g of
formaldehyde-adsorbed plaster was deposited in the boltom of the cabinet. The efficiency of the sterilizing
process was periodically examined using the spores of B. subtilis and B. stearothermophilus. During the
past four years and two months, a total of 224 tests were performed, and 58 tests (25.9%) showed positive
bacterial growth. Of 63 tests performed in the year of 1978 and 1979, no positive bacterial growth was
observed at the exposure time of over 97 hrs. However, in January of 1980, the exchange inte'rval of
formaldehyde-adsorbed plaster was shortened from 4 to 2 weeks; thereafter, among 161 tests no bacterial
growth was observed at the exposure time of over 73 hrs.