Nagoya Journal of Medical Science

The present electron microscopic study was attempted to demonstrate a detailed localization of acid and alkaline phosphatase within the phagocytosing rabbit heterophils and further to clarify the difference in time course between the appearance of acid phosphatase and of alkaline phosphatase reaction products in the phagocytic vacuoles.
As material, rabbit bone marrow cell suspension and zymosan for the phagocytized particle were used.
Alkaline phosphatase reaction was seen in relatively small granules (i.e. specific granules), and acid phosphatase reaction in large granules (i.e. azurophilic granules). Alkaline phosphatase fused into the phagocytic vacuoles earlier than acid phosphatase. These distinctly different patterns of enzyme fusion might be dependent on the qualitative heterogeneity of granules and also on the quantitative difference between granules with acid phosphatase and those with alkaline phosphatase of mature heterophils which show most active phagocytosis among cells with varying maturation.

By microsurgical technique, a syngeneic renal transplantation was performed on inbred M.P.* strain of the rat; and allotransplantation was made between M.P. and Sprague Dawley (S.D.) strains. AIthough all grafts showed severe rejection within 8 days in the group of allotransplantation, the grafted kidney sur- vived up to 27 days in syngeneic transplantation. The kidney grafted together with the bladder which was anastomosed to the host bladder survived longer than that with only ureterostomy made in the groin of the host.
Immunological study failed to show any ·positive host immunological reaction when the kidney cell were injected or transplanted to the syngeneic animals. The cellular antibody, however, was demonstrated in the spleen cells of the host which had been immunized by the kidney cells of the allotype.

The influence of tumor cell aging upon growth inhibition by carcinostatic agents was investigated with Ehrlich tumor in the form of ascitic cells.
In the experiment on tumor growth, the rate of growth decreased with the lapse of time following tumor inoculation. The generation time of the 2-day old tumor was approximately 12 hours; that of the 6-day old tumor was approximately 42 hours. There were also significant differences in the DNA labeling index and mitotic index between the 2-day old and the 6-day old tumors, which were correlated with their generation times.
Mitomycin-C affected more markedly the growth of the 2-day old fast growing tumor than that of the 6-day old tumor. Enhanced antitumor activity of the carcinostatic agent was seen when the drug was used during the rapidly grow· ing stage of the Ehrlich ascites tumor.

The hepatic arginase activity was found to be elevated significantly in tumorbearing mice at the terminal stage. Furthermore, other enzymes in the urea cycle, ornithine transcarbamylase, arginine synthetase (over all reactionJ and argininosuccinate cleavage enzyme, also showed elevated activity with a concomitant increase in urinary excretion of urea.
The present experiments seem to show that the enhanced activities of these enzymes and the increased urea excretion both are related to protein catabolism under adrenal hyperfunction in tumor-bearing mice at the terminal stage. Possible explanations for the development of cachexia in tumor-bearing hosts were made.

The adoptive transfer of immunity to Ehrlich ascites tumor was accompli- shed during the first two weeks in a syngeneic murine system by the intra- peritoneal administration of spleen cells obtained from mice which had been hyperimmunized through three subcutaneous inoculations with the tumor. The resistance induced in this system was noted duing first two weeks after tumor challenge, and thereafter there was an increased tendency for the tumor to become enhanced. Serum from mice which had previously contacted with Ehrlich ascites tumor showed enhancing effect on the subcutaneous growth of the tumor to a certain degree. Anti-tumor effect of spleen cells from various donors was examined by a simple method involving intraperitoneal injection of tumor cells and spleen cells which had been mixed and incubated for a short period of time. The results seem to indicate that suppression of tumor growth was induced by cell-mediated immunity through injected immune spleen cells, and that enhancement of tumor growth depended basically upon the ability of humoral antibodies which apparently had been produced through transferred spleen cells to suppress the development of cell-mediated immune response.