Antigenic Analysis of Influenza B Virus
Isolated from the Epidemic in 1973
ARIFUMI KUNO and HIROMASA INOUE
pg(s) 1 - 4
<Close> -
< PDF >
Antigenic relationships between an isolate (B/Aichi/1/73) from the epidemic of influenza B in
1973 and earlier strains of the same type were studied by hemagglutination-inhibition and neuraminidase-
inhibition tests. The results showed that B/Aichi/1/73 underwent considerable antigenic variation
in hemagglutinin but not in neuraminidase.
Quantitation of Red-Cell-Bound IgG in
Normal and Pathologic States by
an Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) Technique
AKIHITO HIRANO, HIDEO YAMADA
and KANEFUSA KATO
pg(s) 5 - 16
<Close> -
< PDF >
A simple EIA technique for the quantitation of red-cell-bound immunoglobulin (IgG) was devised
and applied to normal and pathologic states, including autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and
other disorders. The mean red-cell-bound IgG value for normal subjects was 73.2 ± 25.8 ng/l010
red cells (mean ± ISD). Fifteen patients with AIHA had an increased level of red-cell-bound IgG
ranging from 109 to 10,000 ng/l0'o red cells. The concentration of red-cell-bound IgG in AIHA
patients was well correlated with the percentage of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood and showed
a rapid fall after the initiation of steroid therapy. Red-cell-bound IgG levels in Fisher-Evans syndrome,
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (lTP), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid
arthritis (RA) and IgG myeloma measured by this technique are also presented. A significant
correlation was found between red-cell-bound IgG levels and serum IgG levels in normal subjects
and in patients with these pathologic conditions, except in the cases of AIHA and Fisher-Evans syndrome.
The quantitation of red-cell-bound IgG by this EIA technique is of great value for clarifying
the pathophysiologic significance of red-cell-bound IgG in health and disease.
Effects of Irradiation
on Grafted Skin - Vascular Changes
after Irradiation -
YASUNORI SUMI, MINORU UEDA, TOSHIO KANEDA
and TOHRU OKA
pg(s) 17 - 22
<Close> -
< PDF >
Early changes in the vascularity of grafted skin after X-ray irradiation were evaluated using the
microangiographic technique. There was a correlation betweeen the vascular density at the time of
irradiation and the vascular density two weeks after irradiation. The grafts irradiated in the early
hypovascular stage showed mild-moderate vascular reactions to irradiation, whereas those irradiated
in the hypervascular stage showed severe vascular reactions. The grafts irradiated in the late hypovascular
stage showed mild vascular reactions. There was also a relation between the skin reaction
and vascular reaction to irradiation. It was concluded that primary consideration should be given
to the vascular damage of grafted skin when determining the proper time for postoperative irradiation.
Study of Stroma
in Scirrhous Gastric Carcinoma
HIDEO KAMEI, TADASHI WATANABE,
KEISUKE TERABE, TAKASHI KOJIMA
and TATSUHEI KONDO
pg(s) 23 - 34
<Close> -
< PDF >
Rabbits were immunized with the supernatant of a homogenate of non-cancerous gastric mucosa
to obtain an antiserum. This antiserum, after absorption by human jejunal mucosa and liver tissue,
produced precipitin lines with the supernatants of homogenates of gastric carcinoma and gastric mucosa.
Fluorescent staining was attempted using this antiserum. Well-stained cytoplasms were observed
in cells of tissue imprints of normal gastric mucosa and gastric carcinoma. When frozen sections
of peroperatively extirpated materials were likewise stained, the cells and the lumen of the
glands were stained to a large extent in the non-cancerous gastric mucosa and tubulary adenocarcinoma
of the non-scirrhous type. In scirrhous gastric carcinoma fluorescence-stained substances
were scantly in the lumen of the glands but observable to some degree in the tumor stroma. It is
suggested that infiltration of the interstitium by glandular antigens induces proliferation of stroma in
gastric carcinoma.
Effects of Acarbose,
an α-Glucosidase Inhibitor (BAY G 5421),
on Orally Loaded Glucose,
Maltose and Sucrose and
on Blood Glucose Control
in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetics
TETUO HAYAKAWA, AIJI NODA, TAKAHARU KONDO
and NOBUYOSHI OKUMURA
pg(s) 35 - 41
<Close> -
< PDF >
Fifty g glucose, 50g maltose and 50g sucrose were loaded to 12 nonobese healthy male volunteers
with and without 100 or 300 mg α-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, and the inhibitory effect on
digestion and absorption of these saccharides was studied. In another series of investigations, acarbose
100 mg a day were orally administered to 12 non-insulin-dependent diabetics for 3 months
together with meals. Blood glucose was determined to investigate the effect of acarbose on blood
glucose control in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. In the saccharide loading tests, orally administered
300 mg acarbose did not practically inhibit absorption of 50g glucose or 50g maltose. When
50g sucrose was loaded, however, 100 or 300 mg acarbose markedly decreased absorption of
this disaccharide, resulting in inhibition of increases in blood glucose and insulin. Non-insulin-dependent
diabetics had significantly lower fasting blood glucose and HbA1 in 3 months of acarbose
ingestion as compared with the corresponding levels in the preceding 3 months. Meteorism, increased
flatulence and loose stools were complained of as adverse effects of acarbose, but they were not so
serious as to require the discontinuation of medication. Acarbose might afford a safe and effective
supplementary means for controlling blood glucose in diabetics.
Occurrence of a Terminal
Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Like
Activity in N-2-Fluorenylacetamide-treated
Rat Liver
SHONEN YOSHIDA, HIROMU NAKAMURA
and KIYOHIDE KOJIMA
pg(s) 43 - 49
<Close> -
< PDF >
A new enzyme activity that resembles terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT-like activity)
was found in rat liver. Upon treatment of rats with a hepatocarcinogen, N-2-fluorenylacetamide, the
TdT-like activity increased in parallel with DNA polymerase α and γ.. By phosphocellulose column
chromatography, the TdT-like activity was separated from DNA polymerase α, β, and γ. With a
poly(dA)-initiator, dGTP or dCTP was the most efficient substrate in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+,
respectively. In the presence of Mg2+, the enzyme utilized poly (dC) as an initiator most efficiently.
The TdT-like activity differed from previously described terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
(E.C. 2.7.7.31.) in its Km value for dGTP and in its sensitivity to ATP or to an antibody against calf
thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase.
Relationship between Interstitia and
Prognosis of Gastric Carcinoma
HIDEO KAMEI, KEISUKE TERABE,
YOSHITAKA YAMAMURA, TAKASHI KOJIMA,
YASUHISA HASEGAWA, FUMIHIRO KOBAYASHI and
TATSUHEI KONDO
pg(s) 51 - 56
<Close> -
< PDF >
Excluding cases of early carcinoma, curative surgery for gastric carcinoma was performed in 149
patients from 1969 to 1978. Among them 77 had adenocarcinoma with a large amount of interstitial
connective tissue (scirrhous type), and 72 had adenocarcinoma with a comparatively small amount
of connective tissue (non-scirrhous type). The overall survival rate was low among those with scirrhous
type (P≒0.095). However, in comparing 14 cases (18.1%) of pT2 carcinoma of scirrhous type
with 22 cases (32.7%) of pT2 carcinoma of non-scirrhous type, the survival ratio of those of scirrhous
type exceeded that of those of non-scirrhous type (P≒0.045). The proliferation of interstitia in
metastatic lesions of the lymph nodes was not always the same as that in the primary lesion. The
prognosis of carcinoma in cases of lymphatic metastasis with a large amount of connective tissue
(scirrhous type) was better than that in those with a small amount of connective tissue (non-scirrhous
type).
Canine Pancreatic Allotransplantation
with Duodenum
(Pancreaticoduodenal Transplantation)
Using Cyclosporin A
TAKESHI MORIMOTO, HIROSHI TAKAGI
and TATSUHEI KONDO
pg(s) 57 - 66
<Close> -
< PDF >
Pancreatic transplantation is still partly experimental and involves a variety of problems, such as
handling of exocrine secretion, prevention of arterial thrombosis of the graft, and immunosuppression.
Aiming at the best method of handling exocrine secretion and at prevention of thrombosis,
pancreas transplantation with the duodenum (pancreaticoduodenal transplantation) was performed
in eighteen pairs of mongrel dogs. Nine recipients (control group) were transplanted without immunosuppression,
and the other nine were immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A (CsA group)
after transplantation. Five dogs which died of intussusception, strangulation, hemorrhagic pancreatities
etc. were not evaluated in this study. In the control group, survivals were 16, 14,8,7 and 6
days; in the CsA group, survivals were >395, >150, 89, 70, 25, 18, 18, and 12 days, respectively.
In the CsA group there were two long-term surviving dogs without rejection; and the grafted pancreas
of one of these dogs was judged to be almost normal in exocrine and endocrine glands microscopically
from a specimen biopsied on the 260th postoperative day. This result is worthy of special
mention in the animal experiment. CsA was more effective in prolonging survival of the dogs which
received pancreaticoduodenal transplantation when compared with conventional immunosuppression.
In the pancreaticoduodenal transplantation with aortic cuff, which was expected to increase the
blood flow of the graft followed by a decrease in the incidence of thrombosis, there were 6 cases
with thrombosis of the graft among 13 recipients. It was concluded, therefore, that CsA is effective
in prolonging the survival of dogs which receive pancreaticoduodenal transplantation with physiological
drainage of exocrine secretion into the duodenum, but that prevention of thrombosis by
means of adequate anti-thrombosis treatment is essential.
Sex Differences in Submaximal
Exercise Tests
Correlation with Coronary Cineangiography
in 133 Patients
KAZUNOBU YAMAUCHI, ERNST SIMONSON,
JAMES C. DAHL
and RICHARD S. CROW
pg(s) 67 - 75
<Close> -
< PDF >
Submaximal treadmill exercise testing up to 80 percent of the maximal heart rate predicted for
age was performed on 138 normal men and 142 normal women. Sex difference was analyzed in
terms of 3 ST-T items: J, midpoint between J and the peak of T (mid-ST), and the peak of T in
leads II, V4 and V6 at rest and after exercise. A greater mid-ST point depression at rest, during and
after exercise was found in normal women than in men (p< 0.001). Sex-adjusted 95% confidence
limits were estimated. Using these norms, similar evaluations were carried out on 133 patients who
were being evaluated for possible coronary insufficiency, eighty-four (64 men and 20 women) of
whom had significant angiographic disease (≥ 75% narrowing) and forty-nine (26 men and 23
women) of whom had not. The most sensitive and specific correlate with anatomic coronary disease
was the absolute change in mid-ST point. Using criteria developed in the normal group, sensitivity
for angiographic positives was 70.3% (45 of 64) in men and 70.0% (14 of 20) in women (P =not statistically
significant); specificity was 92.3% (24 of 26) in men and 87.0% (20 of 23) in women
(P = not statistically significant). When these male standards were used in female patients, there was
a decrease in specificity from 87.0% to 43.5% (P< 0.001). Sex-adjusted standards render the ECG
exercise test as effective a diagnostic tool in women as in men.