Significant Role of Intrahepatic Shunt in Hepatic
Function Test with the Use of Dye in Cirrhosis
MASUMASA HORISAWA
pg(s) 1 - 8
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Using hepatic vein catheterization, fractional clearance (K) and hepatic extraction rate (ER)
of Indocyanine Green (ICG) and radioisotope particles (RI) were studied in cirrhotic portal
hypertension (24 postnecrotic cirrhotics and 25 alcoholic cirrhotics).
ICG given intravenously is cleared from blood only by hepatocytes, whereas RI are uptaken
by intrahepatic (Kupffer cells) and extrahepatic reticuloendothelial (RE) cells.
Since there were significant positive correlations between K-ICG and K-RI in postnecrotic
cirrhosis (r = 0.588, p < 0.01) and in alcoholic cirrhosis (r = 0.620, p < 0.01), and between
ER-ICG and ER-RI in postnecrotic cirrhosis (r =0.508, p < 0.02) and in alcoholic cirrhosis (r =
0.558, p < 0.01), the most reasonable explanation of these correlations was that significant
amount of ICG and Rl given intravenously bypassed both Kupffer cells and hepatocytes in the
patients with portal hypertenaion due to cirrhosis.
Therefore, liver function test with the use of dye, such as ICG, is influenced significantly by
intrahepatic shunt bypassing hepatocytes in cirrhosis.
Effects of Photochemical Air Pollution on the Human Eye
-Concerning Eye Irritation, Tear Lysozyme and Tear pH-
NORIAKI OKAWADA, ISAO MIZOGUCHI and TATSUKICHI ISHIGURO
pg(s) 9 - 20
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This paper is presented to make both ocular symptoms and signs clear, by means of some
experiments on the eye affected by photochemical air pollution.
This paper summarizes three experiments, these results and discussion. The first series of
experiments were performed in order to research eye irritation caused by photochemical synthetic
irritants. They proved the threshold of eye irritation and the grade of irritable pollutants. Effects
of photochemical air pollution on the human eye were epidemiologically investigated in the second
series of experiments. Tear lysozyme and tear pH were chiefly traced as factors of the affected
eye. In the third series of experiments, hen egg lysozyme was examined under various synthetic
pollutants to seek what substances reduce the tear lysozyme. As a result, it has been suggested
that ozone(03) was primarily responsible for its reduction under photochemical smog. Finally
in this paper, it has been discussed why ocular symptoms and signs occurred in photochemical
smog.
The Enhanced Colony Growth of Mouse CFU-c
by Human Serum
MOTONARI TAKITA
pg(s) 21 - 31
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The addition of human serum to colony stimulating factor (CSF) enhances the growth of
granulocyte and macrophage colonies derived from C57 BL/6 mouse marrow cells. The growthenhancing effect of normal human serum was dose-dependent and observed in various colony
assay systems employing conditioned medium prepared from L-cells, human peripheral blood
leukocytes, C57 BL/6 mouse whole embryo and sera from C57 BL/6 mice injected with E. coil
endotoxin. The enhancing activity was also shown in sera of mice, rats and rabbits but not in
those of guinea pigs and fetal calves. The enhancing activity of sera from patients with various
hematological diseases, so far assayed, does not significantly differ from that of normal control
sera. The active principle in human sera was heat-stable, non-dialysable, not extractable by
ether and separated in the lower molecular weight zone corresponding to albumin and Ig G by
gel filtration of Sephadex G-200. Neither pure human albumin nor Ig G showed any enhancing
effect on the colony formation. On the other hand, gel filtration of normal human serum on
Sephadex G-200 demonstrated the inhibitory component of the colony growth in the higher
molecular weight zone corresponding to Ig M. As the pretreatment of marrow cells with the
active principle in human sera did not show any effect on the colony growth and the coexistence
of the active principle in human sera and CSF was required for the enhanced colony growth, the
cooperative action of the active principle in human sera and CSF is thought to be required for
the enhancement of the colony growth.