Nagoya Journal of Medical Science

Although a considerable number of publications about the treatment of lymphedema has been appeared in recent years, an effective method for surgical treatment has not yet been established.
In legs of adult mongrel dogs the author made a lymphatic venous end-to-end anastomosis with 4 to 6 evenly-spaced, interrupted sutures of No. 10-0 black tetron monofflament. All branches of the sapheneus vein were ligated and cntoff to prevent venous blood inflow. Consequently the saphenous vein was transformed into a lymphatic channels.
At the site of the anastomosis, the author amputated the lymphatic venous anastomosed leg and the control leg except their bones, arteries, veins and nerves and relsutured them respectively for formation of lymphedema. The author examined the relationship between lymphatic and venous pressure at rest or in the manual pumping procedures.
In the present study, lymphpressure ascended abruptly during manual pumping more than venous pressure. In the amputated leg having an end-to-end anastomosis, the author succeeded to demonstrate the passage of a contrast medium through the anastomosis by indirect lymphangiography, and circumferences of the lymphatic venous anastomosed leg were less than those of the control leg.
The main cause of failure of anastomosis was presence of excess granulation tissue at the anastomotic site and anastomotic disruption. By using No. 10-0 black tetron monofilament, however, the granulation was not prominent histologically. Therefore, the author applied this method to a patient with lymphedema clinically, and obtained considerable effects.

Variations of serum sialic acid and total hexosamine (glucosamine and galactosamine) levels were investigated in rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain for clarification as follows:
(1) Physiological variations of these levels by age in normal rats.
(2) Variations of these levels during the growth of tumor after intramedullar implantation of Walker carcinosarcoma 256; relationship between these values and treatments; and the changes of these values according to the relapse and/or metastasis in the treated rats.
As a result, the values of serum sialic acid and of total hexosamine showed a tendency of gradual increase by age. Serum sialic acid and total hexosamine levels and ratio of glucosamine to galactosamine showed significant increase with the growth of the implanted tumor. After treatments these values returned to normal ranges, but these values were elevated again when recurrence and/or metastasis occurred. Therefore, it may be valuable in observing the response to therapy and in prognosis, to determine these values. There were positive correlation coefficients between the wet weight of tumor masses transplanted subcu- taneously and the serum levels of sialic acid and also between the levels of serum siaiic acid and total hexosamine in this study. The high contents of total hexo¥samine were caused to a large extent by the cha!lges of glucosamine contents and to a less extent by the changes of galactosamine levels. Galactosamine, which was found much more than glucosamine in bony tissues, was not released into blood by lesions of the bone substrate.

Respiratory control index and ADP/0 ratio of the liver mitochondria from a group of alloxan diabetic rats were significantly decreased compared to a normal group.
Insulin treatment on alloxan diabetic rats improved both indexes up to the normal levels. However, insulin addition in vitro into mitochondria suspension had no effect on the both indexes.
It was found that insulin addition in vitro blocks the uncoupled respiration induced by 2, 4-dinitrophenol.
One of insulin actions, a disulfide hormone, in vivo was proposed to protect mitochondria from uncoupling factor in connection with thioldisulfide interchange to produce the conformational in mitochodria membrane.
The reason of reduced efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in alloxan diabetic rats might be partly due to lack of protective action of insulin.

Percutaneous transfemoral catheterization is a first choice for renal angiography in urology. A modification of procedure for safe and reliable arterial puncture was described. Damages to arterial wall were avoided using a modified catheterization technique with a catheter fitted to thin guide wire. There were no serious complications by contrast medium in this series.
Various angiograms of renal diseases were demonstrated with some case reports from 104 experiences. Renal angiography is of unquestionable superior value to differentiate renal tumor from other urological diseases. Especially, non-visualizing kidney is only diagnosed by renal angiography. Urological diagnosis became more accurate following the introduction of renal angiography.

Serum sialic acid and total hexosamine values were remarkably elevated in the patients with malignant bone tumor and/or metastasis, in general, but in the great number of the patients with benign bone tumor both these levels remained within the normal range. Whereas, there were some cases with malignant bone tumor showing normal values in both serum sialic acid and total hexosamine levels, but there were no patients with benign bone tumor with values over 140 mg/dl in sialic acid and 180 mg/dl in total hexosamine.
Therefore, clinically, serum sialic acid and total hexosamine levels seemed to have some relation to the site and the pathological type of tumor. Serum sialic acid and total hexosamine levels had a tendency to decrease according to the effect of the treatment. However, the levels increased again after the recurrence and/or metastasis. Therefore, it may be considered valuable to estimate the serum sialic acid and total hexosamine levels to follow the response to therapy and to determine the prognosis. The positive correlation coefficient was mostly noted between the values of serum sialic acid and total hexosamine.
In the cases showing high glucosamine/galactosamine ratio, it was mostly caused by the change of glucosamine contents but hardly by the change of galacto· samine contents.

The effects of Panfuran-S on the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells have been studied.
Marked cytoxic effects were observed in the experiments in which the tumor cells were incubated with the drug.
In contrast to the effects on the tumor cells in vitro, treatment with the drug failed to inhibit tumor growth in Swiss ICR/Ha mice receiving injection of the tumor cells whether it was administered by the subcutaneous, intrabdominal, intratumorous, or oral route.
This drug was also toxic to human fibroblast cells in tissue culture study.

In this paper children with acute viral illnesses were treated with a view to determining the mutual relationship, if any, between the presence of circulating interferon antibody status and the clinical courses of the children.
The patients treated were as follows:
29 patients suffering from mumps,
14 patients suffering from rubella,
27 patients suffering from measles, and
8 patients suffering from chickenpox.
Circulating interferon was detected in the sera of 61 acute patients treated. The positive sera were all those obtained within the first seven days of the acute illness, but no ihnibitor was detected in those sera which were obtained later.
Sixteen samples of saliva from patients with mumps were tested for the sole aim to detect interferon in them.
No correlation was observed to exist between the age of patients or the severity of the clinical courses, and the presence of interferon; however, all patients with detectable interferon were found febrile at the time of sampling.

As the test materials for obtaining interferon, 22 specimens of cerebrospinal fiuid from patients with aseptic meningitis have been used, of which 17 specimens have been found to contain interferon. A significant correlationship has been proved to exist between the leucocyte concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients and the titer of the interferon.
It is the aim of this paper to discuss the source of interferon in the cerebraspinal fluid as used in the experimentation.

Fatty acid synthesis in KK mouse, which exhibits a hereditary obese-hyperglycemic syndrome, was studied. Incorporation of [U^-14C] glucose into liver fatty acid in vivo was more than four times higher in KK compared with control mice (CF1), but no significantly increased incorporation was observed into carcass fatty acid. Incorporation of [1^-14C] acetate into liver fatty acid in vivo was also elevated (5 fold) in KK mice. Fatty acid synthesis from acetate by liver slices of KK mice was about three times higher than that of control. However, the con- version of acetate into fatty acid in adipose tissues from KK mice in vitro was lower than that of control. Level of Liver acetyl CoA carboxylase was twice as high in KK, but with the activity of liver citrate-cleavage enzyme, no difference was observed between KK and control mouse. Mechanisms of hyperlipogenesis in the liver of KK mouse were discussed in relation to hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia.

Hepatic glycolytic and gluconeogenic metabolites and enzymes were assayed in obese·hyperglycemic mice (KK), alloxan diabetic mice, and the control mice. Alloxan diabetic mice showed distinctly decreased and increased concentrations of metabolites in fed and starved conditions respectively. There were no differences between KK and the control in these conditions. But in glucose load tests, KK showed the retention of hepatic metabolites in the metabolic pathway of glycolysis at five positions. They were glucose, fructose-6-phosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, 2-phosphoglycerate, and oxaloacetic acid. This phenomenon was also observed in alloxan diabetes. In alloxan diabetes, glucokinase, and pyruvate kinase activities were lowered while glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase activities were higher by 75% and 45%, respectively. On the contrary, KK mice showed higher glucokinase and hexokinase activities than the control by 20% as well as higher glucose-6-phosphatase activity (50% increase). Concentrations of corticosterone in the serum were the same levels in KK and the control while insulin-like activity was higher in KK. NAD⁺/NADH ratio in hepatic cytoplasm suggested the increased reaction in the direction of a-glycerophosphate in KK. High level of cytoplasm ATPIAMP ratio was supposed to be the cause of depression of glycolysis. And this might elevate the citrate concentration resulting in increased fatty acid synthesis.

A series of chemocytological observations have been made on the parathyroid gland of the rabbit. In the cytoplasm of the parathyroid cells there has been confirmed the presence of three types of protein granules which are reactive for coupled tetrazonium, DDD diazo blue B, and HNAH diazo blue B respectively. These granules appear identical in chemocytological features and cytophysiological significances to corresponding those reported previously in the parathyroid cells of other animal species. In the cytoplasm of the parathyroid cells observed here, five other types of protein granules have been newly detected. These include granules exhibiting positive 1) alkaline tetrazolium, 2) Ninhydrin-Schiff, alloxan- Schiff or chloramine T-Schiff, 3) DMAB-nitrate, 4) Sakaguchi, and 5) DNFB H acid reactions respectively. The alkaline tetrazolium reactive granules are thought to be comparable in nature to DDD diazo blue B reactive ones, while the true cytophysiological significances of the rest of the granules remain to be known and await further experimental studies.