An Experimental Study on the Vascular Lesions
Caused by Disturbance of Microcirculation
in the Aortic Wall -Influence of Obstruction of the Lymphatics
in the Aorta and Periaortic Tissues
KENZO SHINJO
pg(s) 1 - 10
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Distribution of the lymphatics and vascular changes caused by obstruction of
the lymphatics in the aortic wall and periaortic tissues of dogs were investigated.
By injecting India ink into the external iliac lymph nodes, the lymphatics in
the aortic wall were observed in the superficial layer of the adventitia.
Obstruction of the lymphatics in the aortic wall was produced by injecting a
solution of gelatin.hydrocWoric acid into the external iliac lymph nodes.
The dogs were divided into three groups.
a) Ligated group
Obstruction of the lymphatics and ligation of the illferior vena cava below the
renal veins were performed.
b) Not-ligated group
Only the lymphatic obstruction was undertaken.
c) Control group
In general, accumulation of the interstitial fluids in the media, thickening of
the intima and degeneration of the smooth muscle cells in the aortic wall were
observed.
At early phase, the ligated group showed more rapid and severe vascular changes
than the not-ligated group.
At late phase, no difference of changes was seen between the two group.
Vascular changes were severe and lasted long in the region where granulation
tissues increased markedly around the obstructed lymphatics.
The above-mentioned facts suggest significance of the lymphatics related to
vascular lesions.
Electrophysiological Study on Colliculocerebellar Pathway in Cat
TATSUO MUROGA
pg(s) 11 - 23
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The retino-colliculo-cerebellar and visual cortical-cerebellar pathways were reexamined by means of latency measurement of evoked potentials on 50 immobilized
cats.
1. The vermian cerebellar response to optic nerve stimulation was a large positive wave
sometimes superimposed by small waves in the decay phase. The positive wave was
considered to originate from the mossy fiber system, based on the results obtained
from the relation of this wave to evoked spike responses recorded from the deeper
layers.
2. The latencies of cerebellar, collicular and visual cortical responses to optic nerve
stimulation were 6.3-7.5, 3.5-4.0, and 5.3-7.3 msec, respectively. The latency of
the cerebellar response to visual cortical stimulation was 6.0-6.9 msec, while that
of the collicular response to visual cortical stimulation was 1.5-2.0 msec.
3. Two positive waves (C1 and C2) were evoked in the cerebellum by superior colIiculus stimulation. The latencies of these waves were 1.5-2.5 and 3.5-4.3 msec,
respectively. C1 was evoked by stimulation of any layer of the superior colliculus,
while C2 was evoked by stimulation of only the optic and intermediate layers.
A striking property of C2 was its very delayed recovery, in contrast to C1.
The present results indicate that C1 has a definite relation to the retino-colliculocerebellar route and C2
related to the route from visual cortex to cerebellum, and
lead us to reconfirm that the main pathway carrying visual information to the cerebellum was relayed at the superior colliculus.
Clinical Use of an Ultrasonic Doppler Flow
Meter in Arterial Occlusive Diseases of
the Lower Extremities
SElICHI KAWAI, MASAFUMI HIRAI AND
SHIGEHIKO SHIONOYA
pg(s) 25 - 33
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Diagnostic value of a transcutaneous Doppler flow meter in arterial occlusive
diseases was studied. Ankle systolic pressures at rest and after exercise were measured
by placing a flow probe over the dorsalis pedis artery and posterior tibial artery.
A pressure index was obtained by comparing the ankle and brachial pressure. Exercise
tolerance was determined by dorsoplantar flexion of ankle, 20 times per minute for
2 minutes, and two parameters, % fall of ankle pressure and recovery time, were
calculated.
A pressure index was well correlated with the site of arterial occlusion and the
degree of clinical symptoms. However, it was difficult to evaluate the circulatory
insufficiency of the limbs between diseased and normal persons in the cases of below
knee obstruction and clinically mild ones. Measurement of ankle pressure after
exercise gave us better information of circulatory insufficiency in the lower extremities, especially in mild cases. The % fall of ankle pressure and recovery time were well
correlated with the degree of clinical symptoms and few cases overlapped with normal
subjects. Statistical exploration also revealed that the higher value between the ankle
pressure measured over the dorsalis pedis artery and that over the posterior tibial
artery, signiflcantly refracted circulatory insufficiency in the lower extremities.
Moreover, it was found that measurement of ankle pressure was useful in the assessment of reconstructive arterial surgery.
Gastric Cancer: Survival Rates with Special
Reference to "Early Gastric Cancer"
KIMIYUKI KATO, TSUYOSHI KITO, HIROAKI NAKAZATO,
SEIICHI MIYAISHI and EIKICHI YAMADA
pg(s) 35 - 42
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From January 1965 to December 1972, 1449 patients who underwent lapa·
rotomy for gastric cancer at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital were studied. Of these
1449 patients, 895 had a curative gastrectomy (partial or total gastrectomy with reo
moval of the second group lymph nodes that are classified as NX+b according to the
TNM classification). The five year survival rate for the 895 patients was 62.5%. This
favorable result seems partly due to the fact that the incidence of early gastric cancer
was 25% of all operated cases, but, on the other hand, the lower incidence of death
observed in patients with early gastric cancer suggests that gastrectomy with removal
of the second group lymph nodes is adequate for treatment of gastric cancer.
For patients with early gastric cancer, the mortality rate of other diseases after
recovery from operation did not differ from people without gastric cancer.
In early gastric cancers, no evidence of recurrence has been observed so far in
4 patients who had tumor cells at the lines of resection. The reason for finding is not
clear. Early gastric cancer may behave in a more benign fashion than advanced gastric
cancer.
An Epidemiologic Study on Congenital
Malformations in Nagoya
KUNIO AOKI, YOSHIYUKI OHNO, TOSHIHIRO TAKEUCHI
AND HIROSHI OKADA
pg(s) 43 - 66
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The subjects analysed in the present study were 41 ,835 total births in Nagoya in
1965, consisting of 41,028 live births and 807 la te stillbirths. Among the stillbirths
42 babies were the malformed and of 644 deaths in the subsequent four years 96
deaths with malformations were identified. Average linking rate of death and live
birth certificates was 96.1 percent. The incidences of congenital malformations per
1,000 births were 3.30 in total births, 2.34 in live births and 52.04 in late stillbirths.
Those in the cardiovascular system were 1.20 in total births, 1.17 in live births and
2.48 in late stillbirths. The corresponding figures were 0.93, 0.34 and 30.98 in the
central system and 0.69, 0.56 and 7.43 in the alimentary system, respectively.
Significantly greater relative risks were observed with shorter gestational period,
lower birth weight and higher birth order. They were also noted in older working
mothers with heavy physical loads, twin births and illegitimate births.
Analyses by major anatomical system revealed significantly greater relative risks
with shorter gestational period in the cardiovascular, central nervous and alimentary
systems, with lower birth weight in the cardiovascular system and with higher birth
order in the central nervous system. Paternal age and parental age difference exerted
insignificant effects on malformations, though an increasing tendency of risk with
advancing paternal age and with wider parental age difference was interestingly noted
in the malformations of the central nervous system.