Invited Review Article
Advanced New Neurosurgical Procedure Using Integrated System of Intraoperative MRI and Neuronavigation with Multimodal Neuroradiological Images
TTOSHIHIKO WAKABAYASHI, MASAZUMI FUJII, YASUKAZU KAJITA, ATSUSHI NATSUME, SATOSHI MAEZAWA and JUN YOSHIDA
pg(s) 101-107
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The purpose of this paper is to describe the newly-established technique in the field of neurological surgery for fusion imaging of three-dimensional magnetic resonance image (3D-MRI) and/or three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) for brain tumor surgery. Combining neuronavigation technology and intraoperative MRI, this method remarkably demonstrates spatial relationships of neurovascular structures and/or skull base landmarks and is very useful for intraoperative evaluation of completed neurosurgical operations. Using the navigation system and intraoperative MRI during surgery, it is possible to resect the brain tumor maximally and preserve essential neurological functions. Furthermore, advanced multimodal neuroradiological images such as functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), and positron emission tomography (PET) clearly demonstrate the dominant cortex including the speech center, primary motor gyrus, primary sensory gyrus, and support high-quality operation with less invasive surgery. In conclusion, multimodal neuroradiological images are very useful for invasive noncircumscribed brain tumors such as glioma and, in combination with such highly technological analyses, advanced neurosurgical procedures are possible.
Original Papers
A Novel p53-Dependent Apoptosis Function of TARSH in Tumor Development
TAKESHI WAKOH, MASATAKA SUGIMOTO, KUNIHIKO TERAUCHI, JUN-ICHI SHIMADA and MITSUO MARUYAMA
pg(s) 109-114
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A target of NESH-SH3/Abi3bp (TARSH) was originally identified as an SH3 domain-binding molecule of the NESH-SH3/Abi3 protein that is involved in Rac-dependent actin polymerization. In recent studies, TARSH gene expression was dramatically induced in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) replicative senescence and suppressed in human lung carcinoma specimens and thyroid carcinomas. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of TARSH in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, we address a p53-dependent apoptosis function of the mouse TARSH gene using RNAi-mediated suppression of endogenous TARSH expression. Our results will be useful in the discovery of a novel therapeutic target in lung carcinoma.
Changes in Activities of Daily Living, Physical Fitness, and Depressive Symptoms after Six-Month Periodic Well-Rounded Exercise Programs for Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes or Special Nursing Facilities
PEI OUYANG, HIROSHI YATSUYA, HIDEAKI TOYOSHIMA, REI OTSUKA, KEIKO WADA, KUNIHIRO MATSUSHITA, MIYUKI ISHIKAWA, Li YUANYING, YO HOTTA, HIROTSUGU MITSUHASHI, TAKASHI MURAMATSU, NORIKATSU KASUGA and KOJI TAMAKOSHI
pg(s) 115-126
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TA 6-month, twice weekly, well-rounded exercise program (47 sessions in total) comprised of a combination of aerobic, resistance and flexibility training was provided for institutionalized older adults aged 60 to 93. We analyzed the data of 18 older adults who could stand and had attended more than 10% of the classes (mean participation rate: 54%) to examine changes in activities of daily living (ADL), physical fitness tests and depressive moods. The mean (± standard deviation, range) age of the participants was 71.3 (±15.6, 60–93) in men and 85.9 (±5.8, 72–93) in women. Significant improvement in ADL of the hand manipulation domain and borderline significant improvement in ADL of the mobility domain were observed (McNemar test p=0.011 and 0.072, respectively). A 6-minute walk distance increased significantly from 151.6 m to 236.6 m (p=0.01, paired t-test), and the result of the Soda Pop test, which tests hand-eye coordination, also improved significantly from 35.2 sec to 25.3 sec (p=0.01, paired t-test). These findings suggest that such a program could be effective in improving the ADL and physical fitness of the elderly.
Mutated RAS Induced PLD1 Gene Expression through Increased Sp1 Trascription Factor
SIQIANG GAO, MASASHI MURAKAMI, HIROMI ITO, AYAKO FURUHATA, KAYO YOSHIDA, YOKO TAGAWA, KAZUMI HAGIWARA, AKIRA TAKAGI, TETSUHITO KOJIMA, MOTOSHI SUZUKI, YOSHIKO BANNO, YOSHINORI NOZAWA and TAKASHI MURATE
pg(s) 127-136
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The underlying mechanisms of oncogene-induced phospholipase D (PLD) activation have not been fully elucidated. The effect of the mutated-ras on PLD mRNA was examined using colon cancer cell lines as well as mock- and mutated ras-transfected NIH3T3 cells. Ras-mutation and activation were correlated, and cells with enhanced ras-activation showed increased PLD1 mRNA and protein. Analysis of the 5’ PLD1 promoter using a representative cell line, DLD-1 and also mutated ras-NIH3T3, showed one Sp1-site as the important ras-responsible motif. Sp1 inhibition with mithramycin A and Sp1 siRNA inhibited PLD1 protein expression and its promoter activity. Sp1 but not Sp3 protein level and increased Sp1-motif binding activity were correlated with ras ativation. Furthermore, overexpression of Sp1 in drosophila SL2 cells lacking Sp family proteins increased PLD1 promoter activity. EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the importance of Sp1 protein binding to the Sp1-motif in ras-induced PLD1 mRNA expression.
Baseline Data of Shizuoka Area in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study (J-MICC Study)
YATAMI ASAI, MARIKO NAITO, MASUMI SUZUKI, AKIKO TOMODA, MAYUMI KUWABARA, YUKO FUKADA, AYUMI OKAMOTO, SACHIE OISHI, KANAKO IKEDA, TSUKINO NAKAMURA, YASUKO MISU, SHIROH KATASE, SATOSHI TOKUMASU, KAZUKO NISHIO, YOSHIKO ISHIDA, ASAHI HISHIDA, EMI MORITA, SAYO KAWAI, RIEKO OKADA, KENJI WAKAI, AKIKO TAMAKOSHI and NOBUYUKI HAMAJIMA
pg(s)137-144
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The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study launched in 2005 by ten research groups throughout Japan aimed to examine gene-environment interactions in lifestyle-related diseases, especially cancers. This paper describes one component of the J-MICC Study, named Shizuoka Study, in which visitors aged 35 to 69 years to the Seirei Preventive Health Care Center in Hamamatsu were enrolled. Among 13,740 visitors matching eligibility criteria, 5,040 persons (36.7%) were enrolled from January 2006 to December 2007. Their lifestyle, disease history, and family history were surveyed using a self-administrated questionnaire. Blood and urine were collected from the participants. By the end of December 2008, 8 withdrawers and 1 ineligible participant had been removed, leaving 5,031 participants (3,419 males and 1,612 females) as the baseline dataset. Current smokers were 23.3% among males, and 4.4% among females, and those who drank once or more per month were 76.9% and 38.6%, respectively. Those with a cancer history were 3.0% for males and 3.8% for females. Measurements out of a normal range in males and females were 11.3% and 4.0% for diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg, 11.0% and 7.6% for systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg, 5.9% and 1.7% for fasting blood glucose > 126 mg/dl, respectively. Collected information and specimens will be cooperatively used to examine the associations of biomarkers with lifestyle, genotypes, and their combinations, as well as for a part of the J-MICC Study.
Autogenous Bulk Structural Bone Grafting for Reconstruction of the Acetablum in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: Average 12-Year Follow-Up
TETSUO MASUI, TOSHIKI IWASE, ATSUSHI KOUYAMA and TETSURO SHIDOU
pg(s)145-150
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The purpose of the present study was to assess the clinical and radiographic results of primary cemented total hip arthroplasty with acetabular bone grafting. Twenty patients (21 hips) were included in the current study: two males and 18 females with a mean age at surgery of 54.5 years (range 40–66 years). The mean duration of follow-up was 12 years (range 8–15 years). The diagnosis for all hips at surgery was secondary osteoarthritis due to developmental dysplasia. The degree of subluxation as categorized according to the classification of Crowe et al. was 11 hips in group I, 6 in group II, and 4 in group III. The Harris hip score was used for clinical evaluation. Standard anteroposterior radiographs were used for radiographic evaluation. The mean Harris hip score improved from 45.0 (range 24–60) before surgery to 90.4 (range 77–100) at the final follow-up. The mean proportion of the socket covered by the bone graft was 23.1% (range 9.8–42.3%). At the final follow-up, three sockets showed radiological evidence of loosening. No revision surgery was undertaken during the investigation period since those patients had only mild pain and did not request surgery. Autogenous bulk structural bone grafting for reconstruction of the acetabulum yielded favorable results during a mean follow-up of 12 years, provided that the proportion of coverage of the graft was less than 50%.
Interleukin-8 T-251A Polymorphism was Associated with Positive Anti-p53 Antibodies in Uzbekistan Population
RIEKO OKADA, BAKHODIR RAHIMOV, KEUN SOO AHN, SHAVKAT ABDIEV, YUSUF MALIKOV, SAIDKARIM BAHRAMOV, MARIKO NAITO and NOBUYUKI HAMAJIMA
pg(s)151-156
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Interleukin (IL)-8, a proinflammatory chemokine, has been reported to have angiogenic activity and to be responsible for tumor-associated angiogenesis in several cancers. The polymorphism IL-8 T-251A (rs4073) is known to be associated with the expression of IL-8 protein and is related to several cancers. A serum anti-p53 antibody, a new tumor marker, increases in accordance with the mutation of tumor suppressor gene p53. Previous studies have reported the association between IL-8 and p53 mutation in cancer cells or tissues. Therefore, we hypothesized that IL-8 polymorphism might be associated with serum anti-p53 antibody levels. Study subjects were 197 participants (103 males and 94 females, aged 15 to 56 years) who were enrolled in a case-control study on peptic ulcer disease from January to March 2007 in the Uzbekistan Republic. Serum anti-p53 antibody, CEA, and CA19-9 levels were measured, and IL-8 T-251A was genotyped. The A allele frequency in control subjects was 0.48, which is close to the previous reports for Caucasian populations. The proportion of subjects with positive anti-p53 antibodies (higher than 1.3 U/mL) was greater for AA genotype carriers compared to T allele carriers (17% for AA, and 6% for TA+TT; OR 3.4, p = 0.025 after adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity and ethnicity). Such a difference was not observed for either CEA or CA19-9. We demonstrated that the IL-8 -251 AA genotype was associated with higher anti-p53 antibodies than those of the reference range. Further studies are warranted to clarify whether those with this genotype carrier are susceptible to malignant diseases.
