Nagoya Journal of Medical Science

Using hepatic vein catheterization, fractional clearance (K) and hepatic extraction rate (ER) of Indocyanine Green (ICG) and radioisotope particles (RI) were studied in cirrhotic portal hypertension (24 postnecrotic cirrhotics and 25 alcoholic cirrhotics).
ICG given intravenously is cleared from blood only by hepatocytes, whereas RI are uptaken by intrahepatic (Kupffer cells) and extrahepatic reticuloendothelial (RE) cells.
Since there were significant positive correlations between K-ICG and K-RI in postnecrotic cirrhosis (r = 0.588, p < 0.01) and in alcoholic cirrhosis (r = 0.620, p < 0.01), and between ER-ICG and ER-RI in postnecrotic cirrhosis (r =0.508, p < 0.02) and in alcoholic cirrhosis (r = 0.558, p < 0.01), the most reasonable explanation of these correlations was that significant amount of ICG and Rl given intravenously bypassed both Kupffer cells and hepatocytes in the patients with portal hypertenaion due to cirrhosis.
Therefore, liver function test with the use of dye, such as ICG, is influenced significantly by intrahepatic shunt bypassing hepatocytes in cirrhosis.

This paper is presented to make both ocular symptoms and signs clear, by means of some experiments on the eye affected by photochemical air pollution. This paper summarizes three experiments, these results and discussion. The first series of experiments were performed in order to research eye irritation caused by photochemical synthetic irritants. They proved the threshold of eye irritation and the grade of irritable pollutants. Effects of photochemical air pollution on the human eye were epidemiologically investigated in the second series of experiments. Tear lysozyme and tear pH were chiefly traced as factors of the affected eye. In the third series of experiments, hen egg lysozyme was examined under various synthetic pollutants to seek what substances reduce the tear lysozyme. As a result, it has been suggested that ozone(0₃) was primarily responsible for its reduction under photochemical smog. Finally in this paper, it has been discussed why ocular symptoms and signs occurred in photochemical smog.

The addition of human serum to colony stimulating factor (CSF) enhances the growth of granulocyte and macrophage colonies derived from C₅₇ BL/6 mouse marrow cells. The growthenhancing effect of normal human serum was dose-dependent and observed in various colony assay systems employing conditioned medium prepared from L-cells, human peripheral blood leukocytes, C⁵⁷ BL/6 mouse whole embryo and sera from C⁵⁷ BL/6 mice injected with E. coil endotoxin. The enhancing activity was also shown in sera of mice, rats and rabbits but not in those of guinea pigs and fetal calves. The enhancing activity of sera from patients with various hematological diseases, so far assayed, does not significantly differ from that of normal control sera. The active principle in human sera was heat-stable, non-dialysable, not extractable by ether and separated in the lower molecular weight zone corresponding to albumin and Ig G by gel filtration of Sephadex G-200. Neither pure human albumin nor Ig G showed any enhancing effect on the colony formation. On the other hand, gel filtration of normal human serum on Sephadex G-200 demonstrated the inhibitory component of the colony growth in the higher molecular weight zone corresponding to Ig M. As the pretreatment of marrow cells with the active principle in human sera did not show any effect on the colony growth and the coexistence of the active principle in human sera and CSF was required for the enhanced colony growth, the cooperative action of the active principle in human sera and CSF is thought to be required for the enhancement of the colony growth.